[Early effectiveness of arthroscopic tri-anchor double-pulley suture-bridge repair of medium-size supraspinatus tendon tears].

Objective: To explore the early effectiveness of arthroscopic tri-anchor double-pulley suture-bridge in treatment of medium-size supraspinatus tendon tears. Methods: Between December 2020 and January 2023, 40 patients with medium-size supraspinatus tendon tears were treated with arthroscopic tri-anchor double-pulley suture-bridge. There were 18 males and 22 females, with an average age of 62.6 years (mean, 45-73 years). Among them, 17 patients had trauma history. The main clinical symptom was shoulder pain with hug resistance test (+). The interval from symptom onset to operation was 10.7 months on average (range, 3-36 months). Visual analogue scale (VAS) score, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and shoulder range of motion (ROM) of forward flexion, abduction, and external rotation were used to evaluate shoulder function. MRI was performed to assess the structural integrity and tension of reattached tendon. Patient satisfactions were calculated at last follow-up. Results: All incisions healed by first intention, no complications such as incision infection or nerve injury occurred. All patients were followed up 12-37 months (mean, 18.2 months). At 12 months after operation, VAS score, UCLA score, and ASES score significantly improved when compared with the preoperative scores ( P<0.05). At 3 and 12 months after operation, the ROM of external rotation significantly improved when compared with preoperative one ( P<0.05), and further improved at 12 months after operation ( P<0.05). However, the ROMs of abduction and forward flexion did not improve at 3 months after operation when compared with those before operation ( P>0.05), but significantly improved at 12 months after operation ( P<0.05). Twenty-six patients underwent MRI at 3-6 months, of which 23 patients possessed intact structural integrity, good tendon tension, and tendon healing; 3 patients underwent tendon re-tear. The self-rated satisfaction rate was 92.5% at last follow-up. Conclusion: Arthroscopic tri-anchor double-pulley suture-bridge in treatment of medium-size supraspinatus tendon tears can maximize the tendon-bone contact area, obtain satisfied early effectiveness with high satisfaction rate and low incidence of tendon re-tear. However, the function of abduction is limited at 3 months after operation, and patients need to adhere to rehabilitation training to further improve the joint activity.

[Short-term effectiveness of arthroscopic repair via modified subacromial viewing portal in treatment of Lafosse â subscapularis tendon tears].

Objective: To investigate short-term effectiveness of arthroscopic repair via modified subacromial viewing portal (hereinafter referred to as modified viewing portal) in treatment of LafosseⅠsubscapularis tendon tears. Methods: A clinical data of 52 patients with LafosseⅠsubscapularis tendon tears, who underwent the arthroscopic repair via modified viewing portal between October 2020 and November 2022 and met the selective criteria, was retrospectively analyzed. There were 15 males and 37 females with an average age of 63.4 years (range, 41-76 years). Twelve patients had trauma history and the other 40 patients had no obvious inducement. The main clinical symptom was shoulder pain and the hug resistance tests were positive in all patients. The interval between symptom onset and admission ranged from 3 to 26 months (mean, 7.2 months). The shoulder pain and function were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score before operation and at 12 months after operation. The shoulder range of motion (ROM) of forward flexion, abduction, and external rotation and the internal rotation strength were measured before operation and at 3 and 12 months after operation. MRI was performed at 3-6 months after operation to assess the tendon healing and the structural integrity and tension of reattached tendon. Patient's satisfactions were calculated at last follow-up. Results: All incisions healed by first intention, no complication such as incision infection or nerve injury occurred. All patients were followed up 12-37 months (mean, 18.5 months). The VAS, UCLA, and ASES scores at 12 months after operation significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05). The ROMs of abduction and forward flexion and the internal rotation strength at 3 and 12 months significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05); and the ROMs at 12 months significantly improved compared to that at 3 months ( P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference ( P>0.05) in the ROM of external rotation at 3 months compared to that before operation; but the ROM at 12 months significantly improved compared to that before operation and at 3 months after operation ( P<0.05). Thirty-one patients underwent MRI at 3-6 months, of which 28 patients possessed intact structural integrity, good tendon tension and tendon healing; 3 patients underwent tendon re-tear. At last follow-up, 41 patients (78.8%) were very satisfied with the effectiveness, 7 were satisfied (13.5%), and 4 were dissatisfied (7.7%). Conclusion: Arthroscopic repair via modified viewing portal for Lafosse Ⅰsubscapularis tendon tears, which can achieve the satisfactory visualization and working space, can obtain good short-term effectiveness with low overall re-tear risk.

[Early effectiveness of arthroscopic repair of supraspinatus tendon tears with douple-pulley suture-bridge].

Objective: To investigate the early effectiveness of arthroscopic repair of supraspinatus tendon tears with douple-pulley suture-bridge. Methods: The clinical data of 38 patients with supraspinatus tendon tears who met the selection criteria between September 2020 and July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and all of them were treated with arthroscopic double-pulley suture-bridge technique. There were 15 males and 23 females, aged from 43 to 77 years, with an average of 61.5 years. There were 15 cases of left shoulder and 23 cases of right shoulder. Seven cases had a history of trauma, and the other 31 cases had no obvious inducement. The main clinical symptoms of the patient were pain in lifting the shoulder joint and hug resistance test (+). The time from onset of symptoms to admission ranged from 6 to 19 months, with an average of 10.3 months. Flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the shoulder were recorded before operation and at 3 and 12 months after operation. Pain and function of the shoulder were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) score, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score, and American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score before operation and at 12 months after operation. Tendon healing, tendon continuity, and tension were evaluated by MRI at 3-6 months after operation, and patient's satisfaction was evaluated at last follow-up. Results: All the incisions healed by first intention, and there was no complication such as incision infection or nerve injury. All patients were followed up 12-34 months, with an average of 23.3 months. VAS score, UCLA shoulder score, and ASES score at 12 months after operation were significantly better than those before operation ( P<0.05). The external rotation range of shoulder joint significantly improved at 3 and 12 months after operation ( P<0.05), and it further improved at 12 months after operation when compared with 3 months after operation ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the range of flexion and abduction at 3 months after operation when compared with those before operation ( P>0.05), but the range of flexion and abduction at 12 months after operation significantly improved when compared with those before operation and at 3 months after operation ( P<0.05). MRI reexamination was performed in 28 patients at 3-6 months after operation. Among them, 25 patients had intact supraspinatus tendon structure, good tension, and tendon healing, and 3 patients had type 1 retear. The remaining 10 patients refused to undergo MRI reexamination because of the satisfactory effectiveness. At last follow-up, 29 patients (76.3%) were very satisfied with the results, 6 (15.7%) were satisfied, and 3 (7.8%) were not satisfied. Conclusion: Arthroscopic double-pulley suture-bridge technique can achieve the effect of suture bridge operation, reduce the cost of operation and the risk of type 2 retear, and the early effectiveness is satisfactory, but the shoulder joint movement is limited within 3 months after operation.

[Mid-term effectiveness of arthroscopic "mini incision" transtendon repair for partial articular-sided supraspinatus tendon avulsion lesion].

Objective: To explore the mid-term effectiveness of arthroscopic "mini incision" transtendon repair for partial articular-sided supraspinatus tendon avulsion (PASTA) lesion. Methods: A clinical data of 39 patients with PASTA lesions, who underwent the arthroscopic "mini incision" transtendon repair and met the selected criteria between May 2017 and April 2021, was retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 26 females, with an average age of 63.7 years (range, 43-76 years). Nine patients underwent trauma history, and no obvious inducement was found in the other 30 patients. The main clinical symptom was shoulder pain with positive hug resistance test. The interval from symptom onset to operation was 3-21 months (mean, 8.3 months). The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score, American Association of Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score and shoulder range of motion (ROM) of forward flexion, abduction, and external rotation were used to evaluate shoulder function. MRI was performed to assess the structural integrity and tension of reattached tendon. Patient satisfactions were calculated at last follow-up. Results: All incisions healed by first intention with no complications such as incision infection or nerve injury. All patients were followed up 24-71 months (mean, 46.9 months). The VAS, UCLA, and ASES scores significantly improved at 24 months after operation when compared with preoperative ones ( P<0.05). The ROMs of forward flexion and external rotation of the shoulder joint significantly increased at 3 and 24 months, and further increased at 24 months compared to 3 months, with significant differences ( P<0.05). However, the ROM of abduction of the shoulder joint at 3 months did not significantly improve compared with that before operation ( P>0.05), and it was significantly greater at 24 months than before operation and at 3 months after operation ( P<0.05). At last follow-up, the patients were very satisfied with the effectiveness in 30 cases (76.9%), satisfied in 5 cases (12.8%), and dissatisfied in 4 cases (10.3%). At 6 months after operation, 31 patients underwent reviews of MRI scans, of which 28 patients possessed intact structural integrity, good tendon tension and tendon healing, and 3 patients underwent tendon re-tear. Conclusion: Arthroscopic "mini incision" transtendon repair in treatment of PASTA lesion could obtain satisfying mid-term effectiveness with low risk of tendon re-tear.

Cross-site scripting attack detection based on a modified convolution neural network.

Cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks are currently one of the most threatening network attack methods. Effectively detecting and intercepting XSS attacks is an important research topic in the network security field. This manuscript proposes a convolutional neural network based on a modified ResNet block and NiN model (MRBN-CNN) to address this problem. The main innovations of this model are to preprocess the URL according to the syntax and semantic characteristics of XSS attack script encoding, improve the ResNet residual module, extract features from three different angles, and replace the full connection layer in combination with the 1*1 convolution characteristics. Compared with the traditional machine learning and deep learning detection models, it is found that this model has better performance and convergence time. In addition, the proposed method has a detection rate compared to a baseline of approximately 75% of up to 99.23% accuracy, 99.94 precision, and a 98.53% recall value.

A deep ensemble learning method for single finger-vein identification.

Finger-vein biometrics has been extensively investigated for personal verification. Single sample per person (SSPP) finger-vein recognition is one of the open issues in finger-vein recognition. Despite recent advances in deep neural networks for finger-vein recognition, current approaches depend on a large number of training data. However, they lack the robustness of extracting robust and discriminative finger-vein features from a single training image sample. A deep ensemble learning method is proposed to solve the SSPP finger-vein recognition in this article. In the proposed method, multiple feature maps were generated from an input finger-vein image, based on various independent deep learning-based classifiers. A shared learning scheme is investigated among classifiers to improve their feature representation captivity. The learning speed of weak classifiers is also adjusted to achieve the simultaneously best performance. A deep learning model is proposed by an ensemble of all these adjusted classifiers. The proposed method is tested with two public finger vein databases. The result shows that the proposed approach has a distinct advantage over all the other tested popular solutions for the SSPP problem.

Ergosterol limits osteoarthritis development and progression through activation of Nrf2 signaling.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder characterized by progressive articular cartilage degeneration and destruction and results in gradual disability among middle-aged and elderly patients. Our previous study demonstrated that depletion of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) exacerbated cartilage erosion in an OA model and that activation of the Nrf2 pathway could counter this process. As a downstream target of Nrf2, heme oxygenase (HO) degrades heme to free iron, biliverdin and carbon monoxide (CO), which protects against oxidative stress. Ergosterol (ER), which is extracted from fungi, is a newly discovered Nrf2 activator and displayed efficacy against myocardial injury. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of ER against cartilage damage during OA. Primary mouse chondrocytes were treated with ER for in vitro assays. Furthermore, mice that underwent destabilization of the medial meniscus surgery were orally administered with ER. Western blotting suggested that ER increased protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in primary chondrocytes and articular cartilage from knee joints. Cartilage damage in knee joints was significantly reduced by ER treatment. Western blotting and PCR analysis confirmed that ER could also suppress the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in vivo and in vitro. The present findings suggested that ER effectively alleviated cartilage degradation and that activation of the Nrf2-heme oxygenase 1 pathway may play a role in ER-mediated cartilage protection against OA.

A survey of smart water quality monitoring system.

The smart water quality monitoring, regarded as the future water quality monitoring technology, catalyzes progress in the capabilities of data collection, communication, data analysis, and early warning. In this article, we survey the literature till 2014 on the enabling technologies for the Smart Water Quality Monitoring System. We explore three major subsystems, namely the data collection subsystem, the data transmission subsystem, and the data management subsystem from the view of data acquiring, data transmission, and data analysis. Specifically, for the data collection subsystem, we explore selection of water quality parameters, existing technology of online water quality monitoring, identification of the locations of sampling stations, and determination of the sampling frequencies. For the data transmission system, we explore data transmission network architecture and data communication management. For the data management subsystem, we explore water quality analysis and prediction, water quality evaluation, and water quality data storage. We also propose possible challenges and future directions for each subsystem.